The horns on a chameleon are made up of ringlike segments of inner bone covered by a hard keratin-like skin.
Kinyongia uthmoelleri and Trioceros quadricornis gracilor have red claws.
Chameleons have acrodont teeth meaning they are an extension of the jawbone. They are not set in sockets nor are they replaced.
The smallest chameleon species is Brookesia micra with an adult length just over 1 inch (29mm). It hatches from an egg no bigger than a grain of rice!
Pygmy chameleons are sometimes referred to as False Chameleons. This term is actually incorrect and is in reference to anoles, particularly the Cuban False Anole.
Some chameleons play dead to avoid predation; this is called thanatosis.
Many chameleon species have a bright red, orange or yellow mouth. This conspicuous interior when displayed is used as a defense against predators.
The oldest known chameleon fossil is from the extinct species Chamaeleo caroliquarti. It was found in Europe and is 26 million years old.
The word Brookesia is named after the British naturalist Joshua Brookes.
Chameleon fossils have been found in central Europe and China, indicating they were once much more widespread than they are now.