Are you talking about live green plants or cut dry stems? Bamboo is basically a giant grass, so probably OK, but it may depend on which species of cham you have. I don't think bamboo is going to provide much benefit to a cham's cage. The dried hard stems are difficult for them to climb (if they are vertical they will be very smooth, hard, and slippery), the leaves won't hold much water, the plant may need a lot more light to thrive, and the vertical way it grows won't provide much perching habitat.
However, the houseplant often trained to twist around itself and is often referred to as "lucky bamboo" is NOT a true bamboo and I have read that it is toxic if eaten. I would not use it.