I collect branches from the trees in my yard all the time. For my neonate setups I bake the branches and twigs for 20 minutes or so to kill any mites or spiders etc. if they are too large I just rinse them off and put them in the cage. Bamboo should be fine. I don't know of a reason why it would not work.
you should wash branches with water and soap and rinse really well if you arent going to bake them. bamboo is great you just have to be mindful of any kind of branches or plants you put in your enclosure (especially really woody plants) that they havent been treated with pesticides as the humidity in the enclosure could cause pesticides in the plants/branches to seep into the enclosure and harm your cham